Abortion

Lord Campbell-Savours: asked Her Majesty's Government:
	What information they have received from Mr Stuart Campbell, former Professor of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at St George's Hospital, London, regarding the stage in gestation at which aborted foetuses have been reported as breathing or crying.

Lord Warner: The Department of Health is not aware that it has received any such information. The Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists issued guidance to its Fellows and Members in 1996, and again in 2001, stating that for all terminations at gestational age of more than 21 weeks and six days, the method chosen should ensure that the foetus is born dead.

Airport Slots

Lord Hylton: asked Her Majesty's Government:
	Whether they are consulting with airlines and airport authorities to ensure that scheduled passenger flights take off on time.

Lord Davies of Oldham: I am assuming that the noble Lord refers to Government's plans to implement a sanctions scheme for the misuse of airport slots at congested airports, as required by European Regulation 793/2004.
	In line with the Cabinet Office code of practice on written consultations, the Government have carried out a 12-week consultation exercise with relevant parties on this issue. The consultation closed on 7 October 2005, and the department intends to publish a summary of responses, within which it will indicate how it plans to take forward this matter.
	By introducing the sanctions scheme, the Government aim to ensure the best use of existing airport capacity, and to minimise levels of congestion and delays affecting airlines and passengers.

Armed Forces Compensation Scheme

Lord Morris of Manchester: asked Her Majesty's Government:
	How many claimants have been awarded damages under the Armed Forces Compensation Scheme.

Lord Drayson: A total of 39 cases have received payment under the Armed Forces Compensation Scheme since April 2005.

Armed Forces Compensation Scheme

Lord Morris of Manchester: asked Her Majesty's Government:
	Of those claimants who are automatically referred under the Armed Forces Compensation Scheme and those medically discharged, how many have successfully secured damages since April.

Lord Drayson: A total of three awards have been made to those claimants who were automatically referred and medically discharged under the Armed Forces Compensation Scheme since April 2005.

Brunel: Bicentenary

Viscount Montgomery of Alamein: asked Her Majesty's Government:
	What plans they have to commemorate the bicentenary in 2006 of the birth of Isambard Kingdom Brunel.

Lord Davies of Oldham: The Department for Culture, Media and Sport is not directly involved in planning events to mark the bicentenary of the birth of Isambard Kingdom Brunel. However, Culture South West has been working with other cultural partners including the Arts Council England, English Heritage and South West Screen to identify a series of opportunities to promote the anniversary as part of "Brunel 200". VisitBritain is also working to promote Brunel's bicentenary as part of its "England's Genius" campaign.

Chickens

Lord Laird: asked Her Majesty's Government:
	Whether they received a claim for compensation for the deaths of over 20,000 chickens when a military helicopter flew over their location in South Armagh; if so, how much was paid; and after what verification.

Lord Drayson: The Area Claims Office Northern Ireland can find no trace in their records of such a claim.

Department for Education and Skills: Prison Visits

Baroness Buscombe: asked Her Majesty's Government:
	How many civil servants from the Department for Education and Skills broken down by grade have visited prisons in the past eight years.

Lord Adonis: Many officials from the department have at various times made visits to prisons in the course of their duties. However, records of these visits are not kept centrally.
	Staff at all levels in the department's Offenders' Learning and Skills Unit regularly visit prisons as part of their work and have organised visits for senior officials and Ministers. Again, we do not keep formal records of such visits.
	From April 2001 to April 2004 the department employed regional offender learning and skills advisers who worked directly with establishments and visited them regularly as part of their work. Since 2004 these advisers have been employed directly by the Learning and Skills Council.

Doctors: CueDoc

Lord Campbell-Savours: asked Her Majesty's Government:
	What are the arrangements in the contract between the health services in North Cumbria and CueDoc for the remuneration of doctors in terms of (a) hours worked on night cover; (b) numbers of days worked per month; and (c) daily remuneration rates.

Lord Warner: Cumbria and Lancashire Strategic Health Authority reports that:
	the hours worked on night cover by CueDoc doctors are from 11 pm to 8 am; and
	the number of days worked by any individual doctor per month is flexible, but subject to the number of hours a doctor can safely work in a month.
	Remuneration rates are shown in the following table.
	
		
			  
			 Weekday evening (6.30 pm–11 pm) £190 
			 Weekend evening (6.30 pm–11 pm) £250 
			 All Nights (11 pm–8 am) £555 
			 Saturday morning (8 am–1.30 pm) £300 
			 Saturday afternoon (1.30 pm–6.30 pm) £275 
			 Saturday session (9 am–1.30 pm) £250 
			 Saturday session (1.30 pm–6 pm) £250 
			 Sunday morning (8 am–1.30 pm) £300 
			 Sunday afternoon (1.30 pm–6.30 pm) £275 
			 Sunday session (9 am–1.30 pm) £250 
			 Sunday session (1.30 pm–6 pm) £250 
			 Training afternoon (1 pm–6.30 pm) £250 
			 Bank Holidays (from Saturday 8 am to Tuesday 8 am)  
			 Morning (includes Saturday, Sunday and Monday) 
			 (8 pm–1.30 pm) £440 
			 Afternoon (includes Saturday, Sunday and Monday) 
			 (1.30 pm–6.30 pm) £415 
			 Evening (includes Saturday, Sunday and Monday) 
			 (6.30 pm–11 pm) £375 
			 Night (includes Saturday, Sunday and Monday) 
			 (11 pm–8 am) £875 
			 Bank Holiday Session Shift 
			 (9.30 am–2.30 pm) 
			 (2.30 pm–7.30 pm) £415

Doctors: CueDoc

Lord Campbell-Savours: asked Her Majesty's Government:
	What is the average number of call outs per CueDoc doctor per month in the North Cumbria health area in each of the last 12 months.

Lord Warner: The information requested is not collected centrally.

Egypt: Rafah Crossing

Lord Dykes: asked Her Majesty's Government:
	Whether, in the context of the United Kingdom presidency of the European Union, they have recently discussed the Rafah Crossing with the Egyptian Government; and what conclusions were reached.

Lord Triesman: My honourable friend the Minister of State at the Foreign and Commonwealth Office, Dr. Kim Howells, visited Egypt on 25 October. He discussed with the Egyptian Government the opening of the Gaza-Egypt border crossing and an EU third party monitoring presence. We have also had contacts with the Egyptians through military channels. Our embassy in Cairo has regular discussions about the border crossing with the Egyptian Government.

Employment Tribunals: Unlawful Discrimination

Lord Ouseley: asked Her Majesty's Government:
	What costs have been incurred by the Home Office in contesting cases of unlawful discrimination in employment tribunals over the past 18 months.

Baroness Scotland of Asthal: The Home Office does not maintain a central record of costs incurred in contesting cases of unlawful discrimination in employment tribunals. The information required therefore could be obtained only at a disproportionate cost.

EU Flag

Lord Pearson of Rannoch: asked Her Majesty's Government:
	Bearing in mind that the proposed European Union Constitution has not been ratified, what is the legal position of the European Union flag within the European Union.

Lord Triesman: In 1985, the European flag was adopted by all EU heads of state and government as the official emblem of the European Union, then called the European Communities. European Union institutions have been using it since 1986. Currently, the flag has no legal status.

EU: Terrorism

Lord Lester of Herne Hill: asked Her Majesty's Government:
	Whether, during their presidency of the European Union, discussions have been conducted about a strategy for tackling radicalisation and the recruitment to terrorism; if so, for how long such discussions have taken place; and what the policy regarding the public disclosure of the relevant documents has been in relation to this process.

Lord Triesman: Information about the European Union strategy for combating radicalisation and recruitment to terrorism is contained in the explanatory memorandum on justice and home affairs matters laid before the House on 29 November. The EU Justice and Home Affairs Council approved the strategy and action plan at its meeting in Brussels on 1 December 2005. The EU has published a copy of the strategy which can be found at www.ue.eu.int/ueDocs/cms–Data/docs/pressData/en/jha/87258.pdf.

European Court of Human Rights: Publication of Reports

Lord Lester of Herne Hill: asked Her Majesty's Government:
	Whether they will consent to the publication by the Council of Europe of the report of the Commission of Human Rights in relation to application number 299/57 by Greece against the United Kingdom (cases of alleged torture and ill-treatment), following their consent to the publication of the Commission's report in relation to application number 176/56 by Greece against the United Kingdom.

Lord Triesman: We are in touch with the European Court of Human Rights about the release of this report and will take a decision on this matter in due course.

European Court of Justice: Legal Qualifications

Lord Pearson of Rannoch: asked Her Majesty's Government:
	What are the legal qualifications of the judges of the European Court of Justice.

Lord Triesman: The Foreign and Commonwealth Office does not hold this information. Some biographical information about members of the European Court of Justice can be found on its website at www.curia.eu.int/en/instit/presentation/index–cje.htm.

Extraordinary Rendition

Lord Dykes: asked Her Majesty's Government:
	Whether all United Kingdom Government agencies are adhering to the International Convention against Torture in respect of United States transit movements through United Kingdom airports of official aircraft carrying terrorist suspects detained without due process en route to third countries for interrogation purposes.

Lord Triesman: I refer the noble Lord to the Answer my right honourable friend the Foreign Secretary gave the right honourable member for North East Fife (Sir Menzies Campbell) today (UIN 36414).

Fair Trials

Lord Laird: asked Her Majesty's Government:
	Whether the right to a fair trial applies to victims as well as to the accused.

Baroness Scotland of Asthal: The victim is not on trial for an offence so the question of a right to a fair trial for victims does not arise. However, victims must be treated fairly in the trial process and in this sense are entitled to a fair trial as much as the defendant. This position is consistent with ECHR jurisprudence, where it has been held that the defendant's right to a fair trial under Article 6 of the Convention must be balanced against rights enjoyed by victims under other articles, such as Article 8 right to respect for private and family life. As a Government we wish to place victims at the heart of the criminal justice system. The Code of Practice for Victims of Crime was published in October 2005 and will come into force in April 2006. This statutory code sets out the minimum level of service that victims should receive from the criminal justice system. From April 2006, there will also be a Commissioner for Victims and Witnesses to provide a voice for victims at the heart of government. Additionally, the Victims' Advisory Panel was established in March 2003 and enables victims of crime and those representing independent victims' organisations to comment on current and planned government policy affecting victims of crime, including the criminal justice system.

Genito-Urinary Medicine

Baroness Tonge: asked Her Majesty's Government:
	When they expect genito-urinary medicine clinics to reach the recommended waiting times target.

Lord Warner: The Choosing Health White Paper contains a commitment that by 2008 everyone referred to genito-urinary medicine (including self-referral) should be able to have an appointment within 48 hours. Primary care trusts and strategic health authorities have already developed plans on how they will meet the target of 48-hour access through the local delivery planning process. To support this, the Department of Health is investing an additional £130 million for GUM services and infrastructure to enable clinics to expand their services and reduce waiting times. An additional £15 million capital funding has also been recently allocated.

Heavy Goods Vehicles: Hours of Work

Lord Bradshaw: asked Her Majesty's Government:
	Further to the Written Answer by the Lord Davies of Oldham on 1 December (WA 64–65), what contact has taken place at ministerial level in the past six years with Ministers in the Irish Republic about breaches of drivers' hours regulations in Wales by Irish lorry drivers.

Lord Davies of Oldham: The Secretary of State for Transport wrote to the Minister for Transport in the Irish Republic as recently as 23 November this year, seeking his assistance over the poor maintenance condition and overloading of Irish lorries and about breaches of drivers' hours rules.

Influenza Pandemic: Chief Medical Officer's Speech

Lord Morris of Manchester: asked Her Majesty's Government:
	Whether they will place in the Library of the House the speech made by the Chief Medical Officer at a dinner hosted by the Department of Health to discuss preparations for an influenza pandemic.

Lord Warner: The Chief Medical Officer spoke to a presentation and we will place a copy in the Library.

Influenza Pandemic: Chief Medical Officer's Speech

Lord Morris of Manchester: asked Her Majesty's Government:
	How the Chief Medical Officer arrived at an estimate of 50,000 British deaths in an influenza pandemic and an absolute upper limit of 700,000 deaths, as stated in his conference speech on 16 November; and whether they will place a copy of his speech in the Library of the House.

Lord Warner: Estimates of the impact of an influenza pandemic are based on the best available evidence. However, the number of people affected and the impact on the healthcare system will depend on the nature of the pandemic flu virus.
	We estimate that there may be at least 50,000 deaths as a result of a pandemic in the United Kingdom but this figure could be significantly higher. We based this figure upon evidence from seasonal flu and previous pandemics.
	The plan outlines scenarios with different numbers of people affected. Mortality estimates range from 21,500 to 709,000 excess deaths, depending on attack rate and case fatality rate.
	The Chief Medical Officer spoke to a presentation and we will place a copy in the Library.

Iraq: Compensation Claims

Lord Astor of Hever: asked Her Majesty's Government:
	What is the legal basis requiring the United Kingdom to make compensation payments to Iraqis in respect of property damage; who assesses the claims; who approves payment of the claims; and from which public expenditure budget payment is made.

Lord Drayson: The Ministry of Defence considers claims for compensation from Iraqis in respect of property damage on the basis of whether or not it has a legal liability to pay compensation. Where there is a proven legal liability, compensation is paid. The process of assessment of such claims and approval of payments is normally conducted by the ministry's area claims office based in Basra. Payments are made from the Treasury Special Reserve.

Ministry of Defence: Compensation Claims

Lord Laird: asked Her Majesty's Government:
	How many people in South Armagh have brought more than two actions for compensation for alleged damage against the Ministry of Defence in each of the past five years.

Lord Drayson: The Area Claims Office Northern Ireland do not have a specific breakdown of claims relating to the South Armagh area. However, the number of people in Co. Armagh who submitted claims for compensation on more than two occasions during the past five years are as follows:
	
		
			 Year Number 
			 2000 105 
			 2001 65 
			 2002 44 
			 2003 33 
			 2004 20

Ministry of Defence: Compensation Claims

Lord Laird: asked Her Majesty's Government:
	How many people have been convicted of fraudulent compensation claims against the Ministry of Defence in South Armagh in each of the last 25 years.

Lord Drayson: Unfortunately we are unable to provide information for the past 25 years, as records relating to compensation claims do not go back that far. However, since 1998 three people have been prosecuted for making fraudulent claims against the Ministry of Defence: two in 1998 and one in 2002. These prosecutions were as a result of a large-scale police investigation, Operation SADDLE, in the South Armagh area.

Overseas Students

Lord Fearn: asked Her Majesty's Government:
	How many overseas students arrived in England in the years 2003 and 2004 to study for more than one year at recognised schools or colleges.

Lord Adonis: No information is available about the number of pupils from overseas attending primary and secondary schools in England. Figures are available for learners in further education (FE) disaggregated by the "country of domicile" and are published on the Learning and Skills Council (LSC) website at www.lsc.gov.uk/National/Partners/Data/Statistics/LearnerStatistics/LearnerNumbers/Learner+Number+Analyses.htm.
	It is not possible to identify the subset of learners who intend to study for more than one year from the data source (the FE individual learner record).The following table summarises results, defining overseas as a country of domicile other than England.
	
		
			 Academic Year Number 
			 2002/03 87,200 
			 2003/04 87,000 
			 2004/05 86,200 
		
	
	Separately, the International Passenger Survey (IPS) for the financial year 2003–04 estimates that 131,000 1 migrants entered the United Kingdom (UK) and planned to stay for more than one year for the purposes of study.

Railways: Ultra Light Rail Systems

Lord Berkeley: asked Her Majesty's Government:
	Whether they would consider proposals for an ultra light rail system as a feeder system in Manchester and elsewhere where extensions to existing light rail systems are considered too expensive.

Lord Davies of Oldham: Generally it is for local authorities to determine the most appropriate transport solutions in their areas. Any proposals put forward by authorities for ultra light rail systems would be considered by the department and assessed for value for money and deliverability as with any other type of scheme.
	In the case of Manchester, in April 2005 Greater Manchester Passenger Transport Executive (GMPTE) submitted its Integrated Transport Strategy for Greater Manchester, which incorporates proposals for Metrolink phase III into a wider package of measures. The PTE has recently been successful in bidding for pump-priming funds from the transport innovation fund to take forward this strategy. The Department for Transport has had a number of discussions with GMPTE concerning their strategy, and these are continuing.

Smoking

Baroness Finlay of Llandaff: asked Her Majesty's Government:
	What progress is being made in achieving the targets for (a) 2005, and (b) 2010 set out in the 1998 White Paper Smoking Kills.

Lord Warner: The data used are the most recent available.
	Smoking Kills set three targets to reduce smoking prevalence in England. These are set out as follows, along with current progress.
	Target 1: to reduce smoking among children from 13 per cent, to 9 per cent, or less by the year 2010; with a fall to 11 per cent, by the year 2005.
	The publication Smoking, drinking and drug use among young people in England in 2004 (Health and Social Care Information Centre) reports that the prevalence of 11 to 15 year-old smokers was 9 per cent in 2004.
	Target 2: to reduce adult smoking in all social classes so that the overall rate falls from 28 per cent. to 24 per cent, or less by the year 2010; with a fall to 26 per cent, by the year 2005.
	The 2003 General Household Survey (Office for National Statistics) reported that the overall smoking prevalence of all persons in England in 2003 was 25 per cent.
	Target 3: to reduce the percentage of women who smoke during pregnancy from 23 per cent to 15 per cent, by the year 2010; with a fall to 18 per cent, by the year 2005.
	The report, Infant Feeding 2000, (Department of Health) shows that in England in 2000, 19 per cent of women smoked throughout their pregnancy.
	Notes: For target 2, all adult smoking, 2003 results are weighted whereas the target in "Smoking Kills" was based on unweighted data. Weighting to compensate for under-reporting was introduced in the 2000 General Household Survey. In order to gauge the effects of weighting the data, estimates for smoking prevalence were re-estimated weighting the 1998 datasets, which led to a slight increase in the overall smoking prevalence of around one percentage point.

Somalia: Maritime Interdiction Operations

Lord Astor of Hever: asked Her Majesty's Government:
	What contribution the United Kingdom is making to maritime interdiction operations off the coast of Somalia; and

Lord Astor of Hever: asked Her Majesty's Government:
	What contribution the United Kingdom is making to maritime interdiction operations in the Indian Ocean.

Lord Drayson: The UK is not at present conducting any maritime interdiction operations in the Indian Ocean or off the coast of Somalia.
	We are providing one Royal Navy Commodore and a further 16 staff to the Coalition Force Maritime Component Commander based in Bahrain. This Coalition Headquarters conducts maritime interdiction operations in the Indian Ocean as required. One Royal Fleet Auxiliary tanker ship is available to support operations if requested.

Southampton Solent University: Positive Pass Policy

Lord Campbell-Savours: asked Her Majesty's Government:
	Whether the positive pass policy pursued by Southampton Solent University as a valid measure of student performance meets the criteria for the receipt of subsidies from higher education funding bodies.

Lord Adonis: The criteria for passing students are a matter for the university to determine; the "positive pass policy" as presented in media reporting does not reflect the university's assessment policies. There is no direct relationship between pass rates and funding from the Higher Education Funding Council for England (HEFCE); funding is based upon the numbers of students completing courses, irrespective of their performance in assessments. As a publicly funded HEI, Southampton Solent University is subject to external audit of its arrangements for ensuring quality and standards by the Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education.

Stansted Airport

Lord Hanningfield: asked Her Majesty's Government:
	How many historic or listed buildings will be affected by the proposed building of a second runway at Stansted Airport.

Lord Davies of Oldham: As stated in the Department of Transport's White Paper The Future of Air Transport, the proposed construction of a second runway at Stansted Airport would entail the demolition of 29 listed buildings and the loss of two scheduled ancient monuments. In total, 45 sites containing structures of local or national historic interest might be affected by this development.

Stansted Airport

Lord Hanningfield: asked Her Majesty's Government:
	What is the economic necessity over the next 10 years for a second runway at Stansted Airport.

Lord Davies of Oldham: The economic appraisal of airport capacity options which underpinned decisions in the air transport White Paper showed that the development of a new runway at Stansted in 2011–12 would produce net economic benefits of £9 billion (present value discounted at 3.5 per cent).

Stormont: Alleged Spy Ring

Lord Laird: asked Her Majesty's Government:
	Whether they will give reasons for withdrawing their case against those charged with running a spy ring at Stormont in 2002; and whether they discussed the reasons with Sinn Fein in advance.

Lord Goldsmith: The prosecution of Denis Donaldson, Ciaran Kearney and William Mackessy was neither initiated nor withdrawn by the Government. In Northern Ireland prosecutions are initiated or continued by the Director of Public Prosecutions where he is satisfied that the evidence which can be presented in court is sufficient to provide a reasonable prospect of conviction and it is in the public interest to prosecute. Prosecution decisions are kept under continuous review.
	These were serious charges and the prosecution was properly vigorous in pursuing the interests of justice. All proper steps were taken during the course of the criminal process to bring this matter to trial.
	But a prosecution may only continue if the test for prosecution remains met. The director gave very careful consideration to facts and information provided by the Chief Constable of the Police Service of Northern Ireland.
	The duty to weigh the public interest is placed on the prosecutor. It is not an easy consideration and the prosecutor may be required to balance competing interests in reaching a decision. Having weighed only those factors it was proper for him to consider and having regard to his duties under the Human Rights Act, the director concluded that the test for prosecution in respect of the three accused was no longer met as the prosecution was no longer in the public interest.
	It is not open to the director, or me, to make the reasoning for this decision public. To do so would be liable to give rise to the very damage the decision to stop the prosecution was taken to avoid.
	The director kept the law officers fully informed from the commencement of this case. At all times, the director took proper decisions about this prosecution. Political considerations did not form any part of, or in any way affect, the decision that continuing the prosecution was no longer in the public interest. There were no discussions with Sinn Fein.

Universities: British Overseas Territories

Lord Jones of Cheltenham: asked Her Majesty's Government:
	How many students from each British Overseas Territory studied at United Kingdom universities in each academic year since 1997 for which figures are available.

Lord Adonis: The latest available information is given in the table. Figures for 2004/5 will be available in January 2006.
	
		Higher education enrolments by students from British Overseas Territories at UK HE institutions
		
			 Domicile 1997–98 1998–99 1999–2000 2000–01 2001–02 2002–03 2003–04 
			 Anguilla 15 20 20 15 10 15 15 
			 Bermuda 185 195 165 130 140 160 165 
			 British Antarctic Territory 5 5 5 - 5 10 25 
			 British Indian Ocean 5 10 10 5 5 10 15 
			 British Virgin Islands 10 35 25 25 30 35 45 
			 Cayman Islands 40 55 90 100 125 60 85 
			 Falkland Islands 20 20 25 25 30 35 25 
			 Montserrat 20 30 45 55 40 30 25 
			 Pitcairn Islands - 5 - - - - - 
			 South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands - - - - - - - 
			 St Helena Dependencies 15 15 20 20 25 20 15 
			 Turks and Caicos Islands 10 10 15 15 20 25 30 
			 Total 330 405 425 400 435 400 450 
		
	
	Source: Higher Education Statistics Agency (HESA) student record.
	Figures are based upon a snapshot as at 1 December for all years to allow comparability. All figures are rounded to the nearest five. "-" denotes a figure of less than three.

Universities: Overseas Students

Lord Jones of Cheltenham: asked Her Majesty's Government:
	How many students from each country with which the United Kingdom has a bilateral aid programme studied at United Kingdom universities in each academic year since 1997 for which figures are available.

Lord Adonis: The latest available information is given in the table. Figures for 2004–05 will be available in January 2006.
	
		HE enrolments at UK HE institutions by students domiciled in countries with which the UK has a bilateral aid programme, -- 1997–98—2003–04
		
			 Domicile 1997–98 1998–99 1999–2000 2000–01 2001–02 2002–03 2003–04 
			 Afghanistan 20 20 20 25 35 45 80 
			 Albania 50 55 60 105 130 135 155 
			 Algeria 135 180 225 n 315 n 400 
			 Angola 75 65 90 115 135 150 145 
			 Anguilla 15 20 20 15 10 15 15 
			 Antigua and Barbuda 45 50 45 45 65 60 55 
			 Argentine Republic 280 350 395 405 400 n n 
			 Armenia, Republic of 20 25 35 35 25 35 30 
			 Azerbaijan, Republic of 30 35 45 45 60 70 75 
			 Bahamas 145 n 115 130 120 150 205 
			 Bangladesh 470 565 605 735 840 1,300 1,475 
			 Barbados 205 245 260 285 290 350 410 
			 Belarus, Republic of 25 50 80 60 65 70 85 
			 Belize 25 25 20 20 25 30 40 
			 Benin, Republic of 5 10 5 10 5 5 10 
			 Bermuda 185 n 165 130 n n n 
			 Bhutan 40 25 20 30 n n n 
			 Bolivia 20 35 40 40 55 65 70 
			 Bosnia 70 65 60 55 75 95 85 
			 Botswana 850 935 815 770 655 600 625 
			 Brazil 850 915 890 975 1,010 960 950 
			 British Virgin Islands 10 35 25 25 30 35 45 
			 Brunei 1,200 1,220 985 795 740 690 700 
			 Bulgaria 260 275 305 350 400 475 510 
			 Burkina 5 - 5 10 5 5 5 
			 Burma 45 65 60 100 95 145 170 
			 Burundi 10 10 15 10 10 20 25 
			 Cambodia 5 10 20 20 20 25 20 
			 Cameroon 110 120 135 130 180 225 250 
			 Cape Verde Islands - - - 5 n n n 
			 Cayman Islands 40 55 90 100 125 60 n 
			 Central African Republic 10 5 10 5 5 15 n 
			 Chad - n n 5 5 n 5 
			 Chile 175 180 240 260 250 250 240 
			 China (People's Republic of) 2,430 3,615 5,785 9,980 17,485 30,690 41,610 
			 Colombia 370 425 360 350 360 330 405 
			 Comoros Islands   - n n n n 
			 Congo (Democratic Republic) 25 15 25 20 30 25 40 
			 Congo (People's Republic) 5 10 15 n n 30 50 
			 Costa Rica 25 20 20 30 30 35 40 
			 Cote d'Ivoire 100 50 60 75 70 70 90 
			 Croatia 100 125 150 145 145 140 150 
			 Cuba 10 10 15 15 15 20 20 
			 Cyprus 3,110 3,275 3,415 3,640 3,650 3,570 3,825 
			 Czech Republic 265 260 285 445 395 435 500 
			 Djibouti 5 - n n n 5 n 
			 Dominica 25 35 35 45 40 45 40 
			 Dominican Republic 10 20 25 25 25 30 30 
			 Ecuador 45 45 50 50 65 70 80 
			 Egypt, Arab Republic 540 735 950 990 735 655 635 
			 El Salvador 15 10 35 20 30 30 20 
			 Equatorial Guinea - - n n n n n 
			 Eritrea 60 35 55 80 90 15 20 
			 Estonia 55 65 65 85 110 105 90 
			 Ethiopia 215 205 195 185 170 170 255 
			 Falkland Islands 20 n n n n n n 
			 Fiji 40 45 30 30 25 30 20 
			 Gabon n n n n 15 n n 
			 Gambia, The 175 150 210 245 200 270 265 
			 Georgia 35 45 45 60 65 60 65 
			 Ghana 845 810 970 1,010 1,280 1,755 2,320 
			 Gibraltar 535 570 580 630 650 675 660 
			 Grenada 30 30 25 25 35 35 35 
			 Guatemala 15 10 10 15 20 25 30 
			 Guinea - 5 5 5 10 10 15 
			 Guinea-Bissau 5 - n - n n n 
			 Guyana 70 75 75 60 60 75 75 
			 Haiti 5 5 10 5 10 10 15 
			 Honduras 10 5 5 5 10 10 5 
			 Hong Kong 7,310 7,700 n n n n n 
			 Hungary 605 420 420 390 400 450 385 
			 India 2,670 3,180 3,400 4,080 6,015 10,420 12,395 
			 Indonesia 1,020 915 945 930 890 900 870 
			 Iran 640 620 685 690 805 860 1,145 
			 Iraq 80 65 65 60 50 80 100 
			 Israel 1,900 1,915 n n n n n 
			 Jamaica 395 515 525 370 495 780 895 
			 Jordan 610 660 740 760 790 850 915 
			 Kazakhstan, Republic of 75 105 135 135 175 230 250 
			 Kenya 2,020 2,085 2,180 2,410 2,455 2,705 2,765 
			 Kiribati 5 5 5 5 5 10 10 
			 Kyrgyzstan, Republic of 10 15 20 25 25 35 60 
			 Laos 10 5 5 10 5 5 5 
			 Latvia 60 70 85 105 125 140 170 
			 Lebanon 185 240 285 330 345 440 465 
			 Lesotho 100 60 55 50 50 40 30 
			 Liberia 15 15 25 15 10 20 25 
			 Lithuania 70 70 80 90 120 130 155 
			 Macedonia 10 20 30 40 50 65 85 
			 Madagascar 5 10 10 15 20 20 15 
			 Malawi 305 340 295 290 265 290 345 
			 Malaysia n 11,895 9,505 8,720 9,010 9,715 9,420 
			 Maldives 65 95 110 130 135 95 100 
			 Mali 5 10 15 10 10 15 20 
			 Malta 275 285 345 385 390 380 390 
			 Mauritania 25 15 20 20 10 10 15 
			 Mauritius 990 1,020 1,155 1,345 1,455 1,500 1,545 
			 Mexico 885 950 995 1,305 1,465 1,600 1,560 
			 Moldova, Republic of 15 20 20 20 45 60 60 
			 Mongolia 40 40 30 40 50 70 65 
			 Montserrat 20 30 45 55 40 30 25 
			 Morocco 120 150 145 155 n 140 150 
			 Mozambique 60 150 145 90 75 70 60 
			 Namibia 95 90 100 160 80 50 55 
			 Nauru n n n n - - - 
			 Nepal 140 120 135 145 195 275 330 
			 Netherlands Antilles n n n n n n 30 
			 Nicaragua 10 10 15 20 15 15 25 
			 Niger 5 10 5 10 5 5 10 
			 Nigeria 1,800 1,810 2,010 2,300 2,900 3,945 5,010 
			 North Korea 70 85 135 100 100 n 120 
			 Oman, Sultanate of 705 870 1,190 n 1,420 1,655 n 
			 Pakistan 1,740 1,890 1,740 1,820 2,160 2,640 3,625 
			 Panama 15 25 20 30 30 35 35 
			 Papua New Guinea 40 35 30 30 40 35 40 
			 Paraguay 15 15 20 20 20 15 n 
			 Peru 115 120 135 135 170 170 195 
			 Philippines 185 165 170 275 280 530 565 
			 Pitcairn Islands - 5 - - - - - 
			 Poland 565 530 620 655 740 845 965 
			 Romania 300 350 390 430 420 445 590 
			 Russian Federation 745 845 1,045 1,295 1,460 1,600 1,760 
			 Rwanda 10 20 45 50 45 50 65 
			 Sao Tome and Principe - n 5 n n n n 
			 Senegal 20 20 20 25 25 30 35 
			 Serbia and Montenegro 200 235 265 300 325 325 315 
			 Seychelles 150 145 155 175 175 170 185 
			 Sierra Leone 175 125 145 160 165 185 195 
			 Singapore 5,865 5,815 5,245 4,190 3,870 3,990 3,625 
			 Slovak Republic 60 90 110 135 140 175 145 
			 Slovenia 80 70 145 160 155 190 255 
			 Somali Democratic Republic 110 35 65 65 50 45 80 
			 South Africa, Republic of 815 1,020 1,425 1,370 1,040 1,075 1,180 
			 Sri Lanka 870 915 1,040 1,300 1,490 1,795 1,990 
			 St Helena Dependencies 15 15 20 20 25 20 15 
			 St Kitts Nevis 20 25 25 25 25 25 20 
			 St Lucia 120 130 135 120 125 155 160 
			 St Vincent & the Grenadines 30 40 45 35 45 55 65 
			 Sudan 255 315 290 295 305 275 300 
			 Surinam - n n n n n n 
			 Swaziland 75 70 90 80 60 50 50 
			 Syria 140 170 175 225 225 275 345 
			 Taiwan n n 3,415 n n n n 
			 Tajikistan, Republic of 5 10 10 10 15 25 30 
			 Tanzania 555 580 610 640 765 865 910 
			 Thailand 2,435 2,190 2,230 2,400 2,420 2,650 2,945 
			 Togo 5 10 5 5 10 5 15 
			 Tonga 5 5 5 10 10 10 10 
			 Trinidad & Tobago 370 425 435 520 535 625 605 
			 Tunisia 35 30 25 30 n n n 
			 Turkey 1,475 1,525 1,545 1,555 1,445 1,410 1,550 
			 Turkmenistan 5 5 10 15 15 15 25 
			 Turks and Caicos Islands 10 10 15 15 20 25 30 
			 Tuvalu - - - - 5 - - 
			 Uganda 485 420 460 545 595 680 745 
			 Ukraine 175 245 295 330 365 430 430 
			 United Arab Emirates 715 n n 1,010 1,055 1,250 1,440 
			 Uruguay 35 40 40 n n 45 n 
			 Uzbekistan, Republic of 65 120 185 180 135 145 120 
			 Vanuatu - - 5 5 5 5 5 
			 Venezuela 240 260 285 275 255 250 260 
			 Vietnam 80 115 145 165 200 310 575 
			 Windward Islands (not elsewhere specified) - - n 5 5 5 5 
			 Yemen 90 95 90 85 105 160 420 
			 Zambia 500 455 415 395 400 465 445 
			 Zimbabwe 830 1,205 1,725 2,245 2,680 2,850 2,650 
			 Total 200,965 207,130 211,840 219,725 227,275 255,235 275,480 
		
	
	Source: Higher Education Statistics Agency (HESA) student record.
	Figures are on a snapshot basis (as at 1 December) to allow comparability across years. Figures have been rounded to the nearest 5. "-" denotes less than 3. "n" denotes a year with no bilateral aid programme.

World War Debts to US

Lord Laird: asked Her Majesty's Government:
	When they will make a further payment to the Government of the United States of the debt from World War II; and how much of that debt is still outstanding.

Lord McKenzie of Luton: On Second World War debt due to the United States Government, I refer the noble Lord to the Answers given to him by Lord McIntosh of Haringey on 27 May 2002 (col. WA 127), January 2003 (col. WA 73), 11 July 2003 (col. WA 66) and 19 January 2005 (col. WA 111).